List of UPSC Optional Subjects and Literature Optional Subjects List 2025

UPSC Optional Subjects List

Explore the updated list of UPSC optional subjects and literature subjects for IAS exams in 2025. Get insights on subject selection and exam patterns.

UPSC Optional Subjects List: The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) has modified the exam pattern for the Civil Services Examination (IAS), requiring candidates to choose only one optional subject for the mains exam. The general studies papers combined account for 1000 marks, while the two optional papers contribute 250 marks each. Therefore, it's crucial for candidates to carefully weigh the advantages and disadvantages before selecting their optional subject. UPSC offers a wide range of optional subjects, totaling 26. Below is the comprehensive list of optional subjects available for candidates: UPSC Optional Subjects List S. NoList of Optional Subjects in UPSC1Agriculture2Animal...

World Most Polluted City List 2025

World Most Polluted City List

Discover the latest insights from the State of Global Air report 2025 on the most polluted cities worldwide, including critical health impacts and the list of top cities with high PM2.5 levels.

World Most Polluted City List :- The recent report from the State of Global Air (SoGA) for the year 2025 highlights the status of air pollution around the globe and its adverse health effects. The aim of this report is to guide governments and organizations in their efforts to reduce urban air pollution and improve public health through targeted actions. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that air quality be below 5 µg/m3, as levels above this threshold can lead to severe respiratory health issues, including heart disease, strokes, lung cancer, and other serious conditions. Major contributors to air pollution...

List of Most Polluted Cities in India 2025

Most Polluted City in India

Discover the updated list of the most polluted cities in India for 2025 based on the latest air quality data. Learn about the implications of pollution levels in different cities.

Air pollution remains a critical issue in India, significantly impacting public health. Which cities are the most affected? In our analysis of the 2022 air pollution data, it is evident that India continues to struggle with severe air quality challenges. The World Air Quality Report from IQAir highlighted that India hosts 11 of the 15 most polluted cities in South Asia. According to the report, India’s annual PM2.5 levels are alarming, as they have returned to pre-quarantine levels observed in 2019. It is noteworthy that, in 2022, none of the Indian cities complied with the WHO air quality guidelines. Overview...

Army Rank List and Insignia of Indian Army

Indian Army Rank List

Explore the comprehensive Army rank list and insignia of the Indian Army, detailing commissioned, junior commissioned, and non-commissioned officer ranks.

Army Rank List: The Indian Army serves as the ground force of the Indian Defense Services. The ranks of the Indian Army hold significant pride and honor for its personnel. Aspiring candidates looking to join the Indian Army should understand the growth opportunities tied to the different ranks within the Army. The Indian Army has established various ranks and categories to enhance administrative efficiency. The ranks are determined by the individual's qualifications, performance, and experience in their respective fields. Below is a complete list of the Indian Army ranks. Indian Army Rank List The ranks of the Indian Army can...

ICC Women World Cup Winners List 2025

Women World Cup Winners List

Explore the comprehensive list of ICC Women World Cup winners from 1973 to 2022, along with details on winning captains. Stay updated for 2025 events.

Women World Cup Winners List: The ICC Women's Cricket World Cup is the oldest championship in women's sports, first held in England in 1973. This tournament features matches played as One Day Internationals (ODIs), running for 50 overs, alongside the ICC Women's T20 World Cup for twenty-over cricket. Initially managed by the International Women's Cricket Council (IWCC), it has since 2005 been organized by the International Cricket Council (ICC). The inaugural Women's World Cup occurred two years prior to the men's tournament. Early tournaments faced financial constraints limiting team participation, leading to gaps of up to six years between events....

Central Government Jobs List in India – Top Government Jobs / Division of Government Jobs

Central Government Jobs List in India

Explore the latest list of Central Government jobs in India for 2025. Understand the classifications from Group A to Group D, their responsibilities, pay scales, and more in this comprehensive guide.

Central Government Jobs List in India: The Central Government of India categorizes civil service or government jobs mainly into four important groups: 1. Group A government jobs, 2. Group B government jobs, 3. Group C government jobs, and 4. Group D government jobs. Group A includes high-level management positions with significant administrative responsibilities. Group B jobs represent middle management roles, while Group C mainly involves clerical positions, and Group D jobs focus on maintenance and labor work. Below is the Central Government Jobs List in India. Central Government Jobs List in India 2025 The division of government jobs in India...

Punjab and Haryana High Court Judges List 2025

Punjab and Haryana High Court Judges

Discover the updated list of judges serving in the Punjab and Haryana High Court as of 2025, including court details and retirement dates.

Punjab and Haryana High Court Judges : The Punjab and Haryana High Court, established on 20 March 1919, was originally known as the Lahore High Court. It was established through a letter patent by George 5th under Section 113 of the Government of India Act 1915 at Lahore. Initially, both undivided Punjab and Delhi fell under its jurisdiction. On 15 August 1947, the Governor-Generals established a separate High Court for East Punjab under Section 9 of the Indian Act, 1947. The name was changed to the High Court of Punjab on 26 January 1950. After the formation of Haryana in...

Commonwealth Games India Medal List 2025

List of Commonwealth Games India Medal

Explore the updated medal list for India at the Commonwealth Games 2025, reflecting the remarkable achievements in various sports.

Commonwealth Games India Medal List 2025: The Commonwealth Games first took place in 1930 in Hamilton City, British Overseas Territory of Bermuda and were organized by Canada. The Commonwealth Games are governed by the Commonwealth Games Federation. The Commonwealth Games 2022 was held in Birmingham from 28 July 2022 to 8 August 2022, hosted by the England Association. This event featured a total of 20 sports, encompassing 280 events, engaging 72 nations with 5054 competitors. Notably, Shooting and Archery were excluded from the list of sports for the Commonwealth Games hosted in Birmingham. Throughout the history of the Commonwealth Games,...

Home Minister of India List from 1947 to 2025

Home Minister of India

Explore the comprehensive list of Home Ministers of India from 1947 to 2025 detailing their terms and political affiliations. Learn about the critical role of the Home Minister in ensuring internal security.

Home Minister of India, also referred to as the Minister of Home Affairs, is appointed by the President based on the Prime Minister's recommendations. The ministry is responsible for maintaining the internal security of the nation. The first Home Minister of Independent India was Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, serving under President Dr. Rajendra Prasad. Indira Gandhi served as the first and only female Home Minister of India, and she has also held the position of Prime Minister. The current Home Minister of India is Amit Shah, who has been in office since May 31, 2019. Below is the list of Home...

Haryana Cabinet Ministers List 2025 with Complete Portfolio Details

Haryana Cabinet Ministers

Explore the updated Haryana Cabinet Ministers List for 2025, including information about their portfolios, party affiliations, and constituencies.

Haryana Cabinet Ministers List:- After the Haryana Legislative Assembly elections in 2019, the Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP) emerged victorious, securing 40 out of 90 seats. They formed a coalition government with the Jannayak Janata Party (JJP), which had 10 MLAs, and 7 independent MLAs. Manohar Lal Khattar from the BJP took the oath as the Chief Minister of Haryana for a second consecutive term, and Dushyant Chautala became the Deputy Chief Minister on October 27, 2019. The oath was administered by Satyadeo Narain, the Governor of Haryana. The current BJP-JJP coalition government, led by Chief Minister Manohar Lal Khattar and...